本课程整合了各种政治, 社会, 经济, and cultural phases of Europe's history from the 18th century to the present, 包括法国大革命, 工业化, 帝国主义, 意大利和德国的统一, 共产主义, fascism; the two world wars, 和冷战. It
will also trace the major scientific, literary, and artistic developments through this era.